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UCSC'S LIST OF PROPOSED PROGRAMS PLANNED FOR IMPLEMENTATION WITHIN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS (1997 THROUGH 2002) FOR SUBMITTAL TO UNIVERSITY OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT (UCOP) Each year UCOP requests a list of academic programs and research units the campus plans to implement within the next five years. What follows is the list of proposals and program summary statements submitted by the Divisional Deans last summer (1996). Programs appearing on this list not yet reviewed on campus will undergo a formal campus review when the relevant dean endorses and transmits to the AVC office a full proposal. (See UCSC Campus Program and Academic Unit Approval Process Maps for an illustration of on and off campus procedures.) At that time, the appropriate academic senate committees will be asked to advise the administration on the desirability of the program (with the exception that the Graduate Council does not advise on undergraduate degree programs). Some degree programs included on this list (for example, the Ocean Sciences Ph.D.) have already started the formal on campus review process. Others are in very preliminary stages of development. The Environmental Toxicology M.S. and Ph.D. and the Theater Arts M.F.A. have already been approved at the campus level, although if significant changes in resource needs or programmatic focus are made to these proposals, it is anticipated that comments will be solicited from the appropriate academic senate committees. As indicated below, two new academic programs emerged this year. Sorted by academic division, programs included in this year's submittal are: CLICK ON HEADINGS TO GO DIRECTLY TO THAT PROGRAM SUMMARY STATEMENT OR DIVISIONAL SECTION Visual and Performative Culture Ph.D. (NEW) Applied and Engineering Mathematics M.S./Ph.D. Electrical Engineering M.S./Ph.D. Environmental. Toxicology M.S./Ph.D. Business/Management Economics B.A. (NEW) Table 1 provides a very tentative timeline illustrating the sequence in which each program could be implemented if timely approval is granted and required resources are secured. TABLE 1: REALISTIC TIME-FRAME FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF PROPOSED PROGRAMS IN FIVE-YEAR LIST
1997-98 1998-99 1999-2000 2000-2001
Electrical Enviro. Toxicology American Studies Applied/Engineering
Engineering B.S.* M.S./Ph.D. Ph.D. Mathematics B.S.*
German Studies Music Ph.D. Applied/Engineerin Electrical
B.A.* g Mathematics Engineering
M.S./Ph.D. M.S./Ph.D.
Music B.M.* PEMS B.A. Education Ph.D. Pharmacology/Toxicolo
gy B.S.*
Business/Management Politics Ph.D Visual and
Economics B.A. Performative
(NEW) Cultures Ph.D. (NEW)
Ocean Sciences Theater Arts M.F.A
Ph.D.
.
* Preapproved. Table 1 was constructed based on the current review status of each individual program and is not based on any broader campus considerations of the feasibility or desirability of the implementation pattern that emerges. For example, there are three new Ph.D. programs that could conceivably be ready to accept students in Fall 1998, but it is highly unlikely that the campus would be able to launch all three programs simultaneously because of the resources for student support that would be needed. Copies of the proposals describing each of these programs (organized by divisional sponsor) are attached to this document. UCOP requests that the program summaries be limited to two pages in length. I have included longer program descriptions for your review, since these will be more informative. However, the final document to be forwarded to UCOP will include only the shorter program descriptions. Description and Reasons for Proposing Program: The proposed UCSC Ph.D. in Music is an extension of the Music M.A. program. Established in 1988, the M.A. emphasizes the interaction of performance and scholarship, whether the student is involved as a composer, a conductor, a performer, or a musicologist. The M.A. has three sub-specialties: ethnomusicology, Western musicology/performance practice, and composition/20th century performance practice. The Ph.D. combines the first two into a unique cultural musicology track and focuses the third, the composition/analysis path, on algorithmic and computer-assisted techniques.
We also foresee at least two areas of collaboration between the two tracks:
These new graduate-level courses would be offered: Composition in non-Western Idioms and Styles; Algorithmic and Computer-assisted Composition; Music and Discourse; Transcription and Editing (in both Western and non-Western idioms); Current Issues Seminar. The first two will be required for the composition/analysis track, the next two for the cultural musicology track, and the last course for both tracks. Ladder faculty will teach these new courses as an overload to their normal workload until the program has sufficient students to warrant additional instructional resources. UCSC is uniquely positioned within the UC system to undertake this type of interdisciplinary program. The department has achieved a balance between ethnomusicologists (3 FTE), musicologists (4 FTE), and composers (4 FTE) which is uncharacteristic of any other department in the State. The faculty have already undertaken an unprecedented number of collaborative projects involving musicologists and ethnomusicologists, musicologists and composers, and ethnomusicologists and composers. (Examples of these are detailed in our full proposal.) Judging by the many inquiries we receive annually regarding our graduate program, the number and quality of graduate applicants would be significantly enhanced by the addition of the Ph.D. Many prospective students note that they prefer to enroll in a program where they can complete their entire graduate education rather than having to transfer to another university after the master's degree. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs and Mission: The music M.A. and Ph.D. will interlock in several respects:
In addition, we foresee collaborative efforts with these UCSC programs: computer engineering (for students in the composition/analysis track), psychology, anthropology, linguistics, theater arts, philosophy, and foreign language (a requirement for both tracks). The cultural musicology track is especially suitable to the UCSC campus where the History of Consciousness Ph.D. program and Cultural Studies group research projects are internationally known, and where substantial area studies programs exist (e.g., East Asian Studies, Latin American and Latino Studies, et al.). Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan Development of the Music doctoral program is a natural extension of the existing M.A. program. Its implementation will help fulfill a long-standing campus aspiration to establish a more comprehensive constellation of distinctive and high quality graduate programs which extend across a broader array of disciplines. New Staff and Facility Requirements: No new teaching space will be required for the Ph.D. program. Office facilities for graduate students are already included in the allocation of spaces in the Music Building, Phase 3, which is in the UCSC five-year capital plan. Operational costs are not expected to increase above current levels, except as follows:
Since our composition/analysis track does not involve sound synthesis, most computing needs can be met with current levels of Arts Division support provided in the Arts Instructional Computing Lab. We expect to provide full TAships for seven Ph.D. students per year. The cultural musicology track would strongly benefit from a new FTE but can be implemented with present resources. Some additional non-Western or early music instruments may need to be acquired (using the department's annual equipment budget). Some library acquisitions will be needed in the areas of musicology and ethnomusicology. The program projects admitting four students per year. For purposes of comparison, Stanford has approximately the same number of ladder faculty as UCSC and successfully sustains an undergraduate major, a master's program, and doctoral degrees in composition and musicology. UCD, with fewer ladder faculty than UCSC, offers an undergraduate major, a master's program, and a Ph.D. in composition, musicology, or conducting. Anticipated Funding Strategies to Support New Program Resources are already in place with the exception of dissertation support required for graduate students. The Division will commit additional resources to cover these expenses as they become available. Planned Implementation Date: As soon as approval is received, the program will be announced in the hope of attracting applications for the 1998-99 academic year. The department anticipates that some of their present M.A. students will apply to continue in this program. UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Although some aspects of the proposed UCSC Ph.D. program resemble elements of programs offered by other schools, the focus and articulation of each path is specific to the UCSC campus and not duplicated elsewhere. Existing doctoral programs in music in California include the following: UCLA's three music departments (in two divisions) offer Ph.D. programs in history/literature, composition, and ethnomusicology or systematic musicology. UCSD offers a Ph.D. in composition. UCSB offers doctoral programs in historical research, ethnomusicology, composition, and theory, and a D.M.A. in conducting or performance. UCB offers a Ph.D. in composition or in scholarship and criticism (in musicology or ethnomusicology). UCD has doctoral programs in composition, musicology, and conducting. Stanford offers the doctoral degree in composition, musicology, or computer-based theory and acoustics. Among the composition programs, none focuses on the areas of emphasis to be offered at UCSC: (1) algorithmic composition and analysis; and (2) integration of the techniques, aesthetics, and instruments of non-Western cultures into contemporary compositional styles. The cultural musicology track is equally unique. There is no program that purports to link Western and non-Western styles; indeed, several of these institutions have no ethnomusicologists on the faculty at all. Finally, no program provides the opportunity for the interaction of composition and musicological endeavors. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: Positions for composers with expertise in computer music are increasingly common, especially for candidates who are proven teachers. Approximately one-half of the job descriptions posted in a recent College Music Society publication indicate that knowledge of computer technologies is a requirement for application. Moreover, the emphasis on multicultural studies throughout the academic world would make a sub-specialty in one area of world musics a strong advantage for an applicant for a teaching position in any music program. The cultural musicology track of the degree would prepare students for pedagogy and research spanning the realms of ethnomusicology and historical musicology, thus making them ideal candidates in the present university job market. As revealed in nationwide job vacancy listings issued monthly by the College Music Society, universities are increasingly seeking candidates capable of teaching more than one area of "musicology" or "ethnomusicology." The demand for globally-oriented cultural musicologists is further reflected in the recently burgeoning publication of university-level classroom materials that address multiple music-cultures worldwide, such as the 1992 Macmillan/Schirmer and Prentice-Hall textbooks: Worlds of Music, 2d ed., and Excursions in World Music. Status of the Proposal: Minor clarifications have been made in response to various campus reviewing bodies. Campus review should be completed winter quarter. THEATER ARTS - M.F.A IN RENAISSANCE DRAMA/SHAKESPEARE STUDIES Description and Reasons for Proposing the Program: The proposed M.F.A. program in Theater Arts will offer a pathway in performance, literature, and theory, that centers on the study of Shakespeare and Renaissance Drama. Basic preparation in performance, textual, and analytical research combined with applied research in acting, directing and/or production should provide graduate students with the knowledge and experience to work professionally as actors, directors, or dramaturgs in either classical productions (particularly Shakespeare) or more contemporary works. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs and Mission: The program will place its central emphasis on acting, directing and dramaturgy in combinations with such disciplines as History, Literature, Theater Dance and Design, Film, Video, Art History, and Renaissance Music. An essential aspect of this program will be its close ties with the summer Shakespeare/Santa Cruz Festival. The M.F.A. is not designed to supersede the current one-year graduate certificate program, but would work in conjunction with it. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan Establishment of the M.F.A. in Theater Arts helps fulfill the campus plan to establish a richer array of high quality graduate programs. This endeavor will also more fully integrate a quite successful auxiliary enterprise, the Shakespeare Santa Cruz Festival, with campus academic programs. New Staff and Facility Requirements: Undergoing review, yet should be modest. Anticipated Funding Strategies to Support New Program Must await fuller definition of resource requirements. Planned Implementation Date: Completion of Board Revisions and campus review -- 1996-97 Further systemwide review -- 1997-98 Approval, and recruitment of students -- 1997-98 Admission of students -- Fall 1998 UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Within the UC system, four campuses offer M.F.A. degrees in Theater Arts, but only the San Diego campus offers a program that approaches the model based on strong interaction between performance and scholarship proposed for the Santa Cruz campus. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: The original proposal stated that the need for trained actors, directors, and dramaturgs exists in virtually every State, as the American theater continues to decentralize and repertory companies develop in the smaller cities as well as the older metropolitan areas. In addition, students would be able to move immediately into slots in university teaching or acting, or into Ph.D. programs, should they opt to pursue that degree. This assessment has, however, been questioned by the CCGA and is undergoing more detailed study. Status of the Proposal: The proposal passed campus review and was submitted for systemwide review during the 92-93 year. It was returned with questions from the CCGA. The proposal is undergoing revision in response to the CCGA's enquiries. A key component of the reconsideration of the proposal will be the report of a task force which has been established to define future relationships between the Shakespeare Santa Cruz Festival and the academic programs in Theater Arts. In addition, Theater Arts has undergone an external review. I expect this proposal to be reflective of any concerns brought forth from the review. The proposal continues to have the support of the division, but final divisional approval is contingent on review of the revisions, and the availability of resources. PROPOSED PH.D. IN VISUAL AND PERFORMATIVE CULTURE Description and Reason for the Degree: Visual and performative culture emerges from what can be seen and done, what can be realized as presentation or representation. Visual culture has institutional roots both in the academy and in more public venues such as museums and other locations for the imagination, including ritual environments. Performance studies have developed in response to self-critical trends in ethnography as well as to developments in feminism, race theory, and other transformations in the rethinking of the physical individual. This program brings together two important and converging fields of inquiry. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs: While this program is unique in its integration of disciplines, expertise from across campus will contribute to the overall curriculum. Faculty from Art History, Theater Arts, Literature, Anthropology, and Film & Video have designed the foundation of seminar triads and dyads they will teach for this program. Critical Role of Proposed Program in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: Over the past six years, various groups in the UC system have addressed the need for a graduate program in the growing intellectual area of Visual Culture. None of these earlier initiatives have thus far resulted in the establishment of a degree program. CAPC has targeted visual/media culture as a future growth area for graduate development. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facilities Requirements: The present proposal requests interlocking agreements between the division and the boards of participating faculty to assure their continuity in the program. Additionally, it requests: two additional FTE be allocated to hire non-tenured ladder faculty, one full-time staff FTE, and research assistants to staff an archive pertinent to the program. It is proposed that space at Porter College, vacated when the new Arts facilities are completed, be dedicated to offices, seminar rooms, and facilities for graduate students. Anticipated Funding Strategies to Support the Program: The program has significant funding needs to staff this program and provide support for graduate students. Funding strategies have yet to be discussed at length. Planned Implementation Date: Completion of revisions and campus review -- 1997-98 Systemwide review -- 1998-99 Approval, and recruitment of students -- 1999-2000 Admission of students -- Fall 2000-2001 UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: No other Ph.D. program in either Visual Culture or Performance Studies is offered in the UC system or on the west coast. A graduate program in Rhetoric and Film at UC Berkeley addresses some areas covered by this program but has no anthropological emphasis nor comparable focus on performance and the visual. UC Riverside's program in Dance History and Theory is focused discretely on dance and dance theory. The History of Consciousness program at UCSC does not deal primarily or comprehensively with visual and performative culture issues. Job Outlooks for Graduates of the Program: Graduates of the program will be able to teach in the growing disciplinary areas of performance studies, cultural studies, visual studies (including art history, theater, dance, and literature). Furthermore, the credential is of increasing importance in institutions such as historical, anthropological, and art museums; theater and dance presenting organizations; art direction, documentary and ethnographic film making, dramaturgy, etc. Status of the Proposal: A draft of the proposal is currently undergoing division review. It will be returned to the committee this summer. It is expected that a revised proposal will be returned to the division by winter quarter. AMERICAN STUDIES -Ph.D. Description and reason for proposing it: The Ph.D. program in American Studies at UCSC will prepare young scholars to engage in research, teaching, and public service oriented toward enhancing an interdisciplinary, multiculturally oriented, historically grounded, and theoretically informed understanding of the complex social and cultural dynamics of and challenges facing the United States. Like most distinguished American Studies graduate programs in the United States, the UCSC program will offer graduate students a solid, wide-ranging grounding in the history of the United States, understood both in terms of its internal complexities and in terms of its pan-national context. Like these other programs, it will train students systematically in the methods of investigation and interpretation appropriate to an integrated examination of the relationship of social, cultural, and political dynamics in American life. At the same time, the UCSC program will take on a number of distinctive features appropriate to its location in the largest and most ethnically diverse state in the nation and to the steady internationalization of American Studies as an academic field. Three of these distinctive features - distinctive less individually than in their integration - are particularly worth highlighting:
Furthermore, the program will not only use multicultural analysis as a central feature; it will consider multiculturalism itself as a problematic worth sustained, critical analysis.
Types of students to be served : The UCSC program will be committed to embodying, in human terms, the social and cultural diversity that forms a central element of its subject. The program will be particularly appealing to ethnic minority students with wide-ranging interests, but it will also work actively to attract students from a wide variety of social and cultural backgrounds who are committed to a comparativist and integrative approach to American Studies. How will the program meet special needs of the state: The need for California to generate a large group of public-minded college and university teacher-scholars who are expert in a multicultural analysis of the United States is growing much more rapidly than the present capacity of the state's graduate programs to supply them. The UCSC program will help fill that large and rapidly growing need. The program will also be generating of cadre of young professors specifically qualified to serve the growing number of undergraduates majoring in American Studies and similar programs in California and Western U.S. schools professors not only broadly trained in the approaches of interdisciplinary American Studies but oriented toward the specific needs of the region. Relationship to existing campus programs: The UCSC Ph.D. program in American Studies will build systematically on the success of and experience derived from its fifteen-year-old B.A. program in American Studies. Multicultural analysis, a concern for the quality of public life, and a commitment to social and cultural diversity among its members have characterized the undergraduate program from its outset. Those commitments have been important factors in its steady growth. The undergraduate American Studies major at UCSC is now the largest in the United States. Equally important, some forty percent of its majors are from ethnic minority backgrounds. The undergraduate major engages students in a methodologically diverse and historically informed approach to comparative social and cultural studies, while enabling them to build specializations on this broad grounding. The Ph.D. program will involve a similar dual emphasis--broad grounding followed by specialization--and, of course, will explore relevant theoretical and methodological issues more deeply than does the undergraduate major. All undergraduate majors write a senior thesis; as the 1991 external review of the program noted, the best of these theses are easily equal in quality to master's theses. The Ph.D. program will build on the American Studies faculty's extensive experience in helping undergraduates define workable and significant research projects, as well as the faculty's considerable experience supervising graduate students' research in other campus graduate programs, including Literature, History of Consciousness, History, and Sociology. The Ph.D. program in American Studies will also profit from - in fact, will depend on -cooperation with several other campus graduate programs. Some of these points of cooperation are long-standing; others are in the process of developing. The program's curricular strategy will resemble that of other major American Studies graduate programs in the United States, as well as that adopted by other UCSC interdisciplinary programs such as Environmental Studies and History of Consciousness. That is, the UCSC program will be more than a holding company for students taking a miscellaneous cluster of disciplinary courses from other programs. The program will itself take responsibility for an integrative approach to the diverse materials that constitute the field. At least half of American Studies students' course work will consist of courses that systematically develop this integrative approach. The program will develop a small core of its own courses focused on theoretical and methodological issues central to the field. It will also offer a limited number of interdisciplinary case-studies courses related to the core faculty's areas of expertise; these courses will be designed so as not to duplicate offerings already available in other campus programs, but will serve students from those programs as well as American Studies graduate students. American Studies graduate students will also gain extensive experience in the integrative approaches characteristic of the field by serving as teaching assistants in a wide range of large undergraduate courses offered by American Studies. In addition to these American Studies courses, American Studies graduate students will take between one-third and one-half of their courses from those offered by other graduate programs, thus enabling them to develop appropriate disciplinary as well as interdisciplinary expertise and to pursue particular areas of specialization-for example, ethnic, gender, or media studies-in which relevant resources are spread over several campus programs. Between fifteen and twenty graduate courses of particular relevance to American Studies are presently being offered regularly by Literature, History, History of Consciousness, Sociology, and Anthropology, and the number of those courses will be steadily increasing over the next five years as Politics develops its graduate program and as the History Board strengthens its U.S. history offerings. In addition to taking advantage of courses from other campus graduate programs, American Studies will make use of the expertise of individual Americanists in other boards of studies who have already been involved with American Studies as associate members of the program. Some fifteen faculty are so involved with the program, in areas ranging from Literature and History to Politics, Anthropology, and Community Studies. In the past, many have worked with undergraduate American Studies majors on their theses. They will be available to serve American Studies graduate students as members of qualifying examination and dissertation committees as well as in advising capacities. McHenry Library's solid holdings in U.S. studies, of course, will simultaneously serve graduate students in American Studies and several other campus programs. And American Studies has also developed considerable experience jointly sponsoring colloquia, visiting scholars' talks, and conferences with a variety of other programs, including the boards mentioned above, Women's Studies, and the Center for Cultural Studies. American Studies graduate students will thus be able to take advantage of the campus's extensive experience in offering a rich array of intellectual opportunities in the general area of U.S. studies. Proposed faculty, staff, and facilities requirements: The American Studies Committee presently controls seven ladder faculty positions and one full-time lecturer position. In addition, it receives approximately half of a faculty FTE in annually negotiated funds to staff a series of important ethnic studies courses not yet covered by ladder faculty. With this resource base of approximately 8.6 FTEs it has been able to offer annually three graduate courses and an undergraduate curriculum of approximately thirty courses. The minimum number of annual American Studies sponsored graduate courses necessary at the outset for a small, stable, high quality program is six. (Other relevant courses, as noted above, will be offered by other boards.) The number of undergraduate courses should be stabilized at around thirty three or thirty four. Both of these goals can be achieved if the number of faculty FTEs in American Studies is increased to between 10.0 and 10.5 FTEs (including non-ladder and visiting appointments). When the American Studies graduate program reaches its full size, and assuming additional growth in the undergraduate major, American Studies will need a total of 12.0 and 13.0 FTEs. Such resources will enable the program to offer approximately nine or ten graduate courses and some three dozen undergraduate courses annually. For purposes of budgetary flexibility, it will be desirable to use perhaps two of these FTEs for non-ladder and visiting appointments. Further growth in the undergraduate program may require additional faculty FTEs, but those positions will not be essential to the health of the graduate program (although they certainly could be useful to it). American Studies will also require a modest increment in staff support in order to begin its graduate program. As of 1994-95, American Studies will control approximately 1.3 staff FTEs (1.05 on on-going funding). Approximately 1.5 FTEs are needed to adequately support the large and steadily growing undergraduate program. An additional .5 staff FTE will be needed at the inauguration of the graduate program, or a total of 2.0 FTEs. When the graduate program reaches its full size, combined staff needs for the undergraduate and graduate programs will likely amount to approximately 2.5 FTEs. American Studies now controls approximately 1,600 square feet of faculty and administrative space-perhaps 300 square feet less than it needs at the moment. When it opens its graduate program, it will need approximately 2,300 square feet of space, including space for an augmented faculty and staff, offices for faculty administrators of the graduate and undergraduate programs, graduate student research facilities, and facilities for visiting scholars. When the graduate program reaches full size, American Studies will need a total of approximately 3,400 square feet. Fortunately, virtually all of these needs (with some minor remodeling) can be met within the present Oakes Academic Building, which now seems likely to be shared primarily by American Studies and History of Consciousness. The above needs can be translated roughly into the following table:
Faculty FTE Staff FTE Space (sq ft)
1994-95 8.6 1.3 1,600
Year 1 of graduate program (6 10.5 2.0 2,300
students)
Year 2 of graduate program (12 11.5 2.0 2,600
students)
Year 3 of graduate program (18 11.5 2.0 2,800
students)
Year 4 of graduate program (23 12.5 2.5 3,100
students)
Year 5 of graduate program (28 12.5 2.5 3,300
students)
Year 6 of graduate program (30 13.0 2.5 3,400
students)
Planned implementation date: 1996-97 Develop final proposal and secure necessary on-campus approval 1997-98 Secure necessary off-campus approvals 1998-99 Announce program; recruit first class of students 1999-2000 First class of students enters UC campuses and other California institutions offering similar programs: No other University of California campus presently offers an M.A. or Ph.D. program in America Studies. Only one American Studies Ph.D. program exists in California and only two in total on the West Coast. Only one M.A. American Studies program can be found in California. The vast majority of the thirty two Ph.D. and twenty M.A. programs are on the East Coast or in the Midwest. (The Ph.D. programs tend to be small and very selective; major programs such as those at Yale, Brown, and the University of Michigan admit between ten and twelve students annually.) UC Berkeley offers a strong Ph.D. program in Ethnic Studies involving several dozen faculty. The program "studies comparatively the histories, cultures, and communities of racial minorities in the United States." It pays relatively little attention to Euro-American experiences and perspectives or to the dominant social and cultural features of U.S. society except as they affect minority groups. UC Irvine offers a very small Ph.D. program in Comparative Culture, which involves about ten participating faculty-all male-from the humanities and social sciences and graduates two or three students a year. It "emphasizes the interdisciplinary study of ethnocultural groups in the United States--dominant American, African - American, Asian-American, Chicano, Latino, and Native American - including their interrelationships and antecedents." The primary focus of the program is on contemporary social and cultural issues. The only American Studies Ph.D. program in California is a small one founded three years ago in the Claremont Graduate School. It is an inter-departmental program, administered out of the Claremont History Department, offering no courses of its own, and providing essentially an individual major opportunity for interested graduate students. It has no plans to generate more than a small number of Ph.D.s annually. There is only one significant M.A. program in American Studies in the California State University system: that at CSU Fullerton. Admitting about a dozen students a year and controlling nine ladder faculty positions, the Fullerton program is one of the strongest M.A. programs in the United States, with a solid history of placing its graduates not only outside the academy but in strong Ph.D. programs in American Studies and related fields. The Fullerton faculty have expressed considerable enthusiasm for a Ph.D. American Studies program in the UC system to which they could direct some of their best M.A. students. The only other Ph.D. program in American Studies on the West Coast is at Washington State University in Pullman, Washington. It is a small and essentially inter-departmental program that serves primarily a regional constituency. A final note: nationally, student interest in graduate work in American Studies runs very high. The most highly reputed programs such as Yale and Michigan admit approximately one graduate student for ever twenty applicants they reject. The accept/reject ratio at middle-rank programs is about one to ten. Given the dearth of American Studies Ph.D. programs on the West Coast, a new program at UCSC is certain to attract a large number of highly talented applicants. The program is also certain to attract applications from foreign students enrolled in the growing number of American Studies programs abroad. Some of these students will be able to bring financial support provided from their own countries and from such fellowship programs as the Fulbright. American Studies at UCSC already regularly receives inquiries from such potential students. Job outlooks for graduates of the program: When fully developed, the UCSC program will plan to admit six or seven students and graduate four or five students annually. As the job listings for Americanists published by such large professional associations as the Modern Language Association, the Association of American Historians, and the American Studies Association clearly indicate, the outlook for teaching and research positions in colleges and universities both in and outside California for Ph.D.s with wide-ranging expertise in multicultural issues is high, particularly but by no means exclusively for Ph.D.s from ethnic minority backgrounds. In fact, the majority of advertised positions are in this area. Demand for such expertise is so high that strong graduate students in this area, regardless of their particular disciplines of study, can count on multiple job offers. As the population and ethnic diversity of both California and the rest of the nation continue to grow, that demand will steadily increase. There will also be a demand from the growing American Studies programs around the state, in the nation at large, and in universities abroad for faculty specifically trained in American Studies rather than simply in a single discipline. Graduates from an American Studies program at UCSC will be in an excellent position to take advantage of this demand, particularly as they combine interdisciplinary range and flexibility with solid disciplinary training. Status of the proposal: The core American Studies faculty began serious discussion of a Ph.D. program in the Fall of 1990, while developing a six-year plan for the program. In the Spring of 1991 the faculty discussed its preliminary graduate program plans with an external review committee and received useful advice that has informed its subsequent discussions. A draft proposal is currently undergoing substantial revision to address concerns raised by the Graduate Council. The revised proposal should be available this academic year for full campus review. PROPOSED M.S. AND PH.D. IN APPLIED AND ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Description and Reason for Proposing It: There has long been much interest at UCSC in developing some form of an Applied Mathematics program. In consultation with faculty both at UCSC and nationally, the idea of such a program has received strong support. Development of an Applied and Engineering Mathematics Department (AEM) is needed at Santa Cruz, and has the potential to benefit a broad constituency of faculty and students. Initially we plan to develop a Masters program and Ph.D. program in AEM, which would be followed by the establishment of a B.S. degree in Applied Mathematics (offered jointly with the existing Mathematics Board). The initial scientific focus will be in dynamics and mechanics, including the numerical techniques used therein, and statistics and stochastic processes. Concentrating in just two areas will allow us to reasonably provide critical mass in both. These areas were specifically chosen because of their historically broad appeal, perceived need, and potential for collaboration with other departments. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs: Interest in the applications of mathematics remains high at both UCSC and the outside community. The goal of the AEM program will be to bring the disciplines closer through the development and use of common mathematical techniques, and to provide a glue between the quantitatively oriented departments that is felt to be lacking at UCSC. The proposed program would have a strong synergy with the existing Computer Engineering and Computer Science Departments, as well as with the proposed Electrical Engineering program. Dynamics and mechanics naturally tie in with the physical sciences and engineering. Additionally, there has been a longstanding need for more fluid dynamics on campus, as there are natural connections with Ocean Sciences, Earth Sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, as well as the present Mathematics Department. Numerical methods similarly tie in well with many departments across campus. Planned hires in fluid dynamics would provide much needed expertise to the campus. A hire in nonlinear dynamics and/or wave dynamics would build on our reputation in nonlinear dynamics, which remains a magnet for high quality graduate students. Nonlinear dynamics has "infiltrated" many areas of science, especially those dealing with more complex systems. We may expect collaborations with the biological, economic and environmental sciences. Finally, control theory has strong links with electrical engineering. A complementary hire has been planned in the current Electrical Engineering program proposal, either in applications of control theory or a very closely related area like robotics. This will, along with existing faculty, provide an immediate critical mass in this area, to the benefit of all participating departments. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: The campus academic plan calls for the development of professionals who can address the complex problems facing us today and in the future. Such applied and professional programs are relatively rare on the Santa Cruz campus. Together with the existing programs in Computer Engineering, Computer Science, and the proposed Electrical Engineering program, the AEM program will give potential students an attractive set of choices among applied and engineering programs. The development of these programs will position the campus to move forward with the establishment of a School of Engineering, a direction which has received strong support from the campus community in the past. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facility Requirements: There is currently a substantial number of UCSC faculty who would be able to contribute to the teaching needs of the AEM program, and/or could be affiliated with the department "below the line". A critical mass of six new faculty will be necessary to establish a full AEM program which will include both undergraduate and graduate degree programs. The recent implementation plan developed by the Division of Natural Sciences proposes to hire faculty in phased recruitments in the following areas: 2 FTE in dynamics, 2 FTE in statistics, 1 FTE in fluid dynamics, and 1 FTE in control theory. Necessary start up and one time funds are estimated to be approximately $314,000. Ongoing costs are anticipated to be approximately $93,400 per year. Space needs are modest and can be met within the existing Applied Sciences Building, without the need for additional construction. Planned Implementation Date: Proposed timeline: 1996-97: Recruit 2-3 FTE 1997-98: Recruit for additional 2-3 FTE, prepare M.S. and Ph.D. proposals and submit for campus review 1998-99: Recruit for final 1-2 FTE; seek systemwide approval of program 1999-00: Admit first cohort of graduate students UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Various other UC campuses have applied mathematics or engineering science activities in one form or another, but there is little uniformity in the actual implementation, and no campus has an explicitly designated "Department of Applied (and/or Engineering) Mathematics". At universities elsewhere, the situation is similarly nonuniform, although many universities do have successful "Applied Mathematics Departments" (MIT, Brown, CalTech and Northwestern are a few examples). The absence of an applied mathematics department within the UC system, coupled with the evident success of such programs elsewhere, and the continuing demand for computational scientists and engineers argues well for the establishment of an AEM program at UCSC. Such a program would indeed be filling a niche not met at other UC campuses. Job Outlooks for Graduates of the Program: The demand for applied mathematicians and computational scientists continues to be strong. Experience at other campuses indicate that graduates trained in the application of mathematical techniques are required to address industrial problems from automobile manufacturing through aerodynamics to finance. Northwestern University reports that all graduates in Applied and Engineering Science have been able to get appropriate jobs in recent years. Dependent on their area of emphasis, graduates can be expected to obtain jobs in such diverse areas as: aerospace industry, automotive design, computer industry, environmental engineering, electrical engineering, ocean/atmospheric science, petroleum industry, telecommunications, robotics, manufacturing, government and finance. Status of the Proposal: An implementation plan developed by the Division of Natural Sciences to establish both an Electrical Engineering program and an Applied and Engineering Mathematics program was reviewed by the campus this past year. The implementation plan received strong support from the Campus Academic Planning Council. With forward funding from the Office of the President secured, the first two recruitments for the Applied and Engineering Mathematics program will proceed in 1996-97, with at least one of those appointments to be made at the senior level. The completed proposals for the M.S. and Ph.D. degree programs are expected to be complete and submitted for campus review by Spring Quarter 1998. PROPOSED M.S. AND PH.D. IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Description and Reason for Proposing It: Electrical Engineering is the next logical step in the development of engineering at UCSC, an idea which has been long supported on the campus. The most recent external review of the existing Computer Engineering Department pointed out the need for Electrical Engineering to complement the vigorous research programs in Computer Engineering. The general areas of emphasis proposed for the Electrical Engineering program are: analog electronics, communications (including signal and image processing), and control and dynamical systems. These cover a set of important areas in electrical engineering, with exciting research opportunities, expected opportunities for funding, and which match the needs of industry. They will provide focus for a strong graduate and research program. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs: Research interactions of faculty in the Electrical Engineering program would be expected to be particularly strong with faculty in the Computer Engineering department. Computer Engineering is recognized for its excellence in VSLI/CAD, both this research and graduate program are hindered by the lack of electrical engineering colleagues in the area of analog electronics and electronic devices. Similarly, the current strength CE has developed in computer communications would be significantly enhanced. It is also expected that research interactions would be strong with faculty from the proposed Applied and Engineering Mathematics program and other programs in the Natural Sciences, especially those with significant interests in electronic instrumentation and systems. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: Another engineering major would give engineering greater visibility at UCSC. This visibility and the offering of another choice of engineering major would attract more engineering students to the campus - - students whose interests and expected socio-economic background would improve campus diversity. Additionally, a cornerstone of the campus academic planning effort has been to capitalize on the opportunities afforded by the local environment. The Electrical Engineering program would provide synergy with environmental programs at UCSC and in the Monterey Bay region. The topics of instrumentation, electronics and dynamical system modeling are critical to the plans for the development of UC's presence at Fort Ord, as they are integral components of environmental measurement, monitoring and modeling. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facility Requirements: Currently there are six Computer Engineering faculty who would be affiliated with the Electrical Engineering program and could contribute to teaching needs as the program develops. We propose to hire ten new faculty in phased recruitments in the following areas: 4 FTE in the broad area of electronics, 3 FTE in communications/electromagnetics, and 3 FTE in the areas of image processing and control and dynamical systems. It is important to note that the faculty hiring plan for the Electrical Engineering program and the proposed Applied and Engineering Mathematics (AEM )program have been designed so that the recruitment in control/dynamical systems will occur in the same year as the recruitment for a control theorist in AEM. This should help in establishing a linkage between them in the development of their research. Start up and one-time costs for the 10 new faculty are estimated at $1,000,000. Ongoing yearly costs are estimated at $382,000 per year. The space requirements are modest and can be met in the Applied Sciences Building, but will require remodeling estimated at $2,692,000. (This renovation is currently proposed in UCSC's 1996-2001 Major Capital Improvement Program.) Planned Implementation Date: Proposed timeline: 1996-97: Begin recruitment for 2-3 FTE 1997-98: Recruit for additional 2-3 FTE; develop M.S. and Ph.D. proposals 1998-99: Recruit for additional 2 FTE; submit proposal for campus review 1999-00: Recruit for additional 2 FTE; obtain systemwide approval of program 2000-01: Recruit for final 1-2 FTE; admit first cohort of graduate students UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: All schools of engineering have programs in electrical engineering, however, various UC and other studies continue to identify the need for more electrical engineers. Because electrical engineering is so impacted at other campuses, the programs are very selective and competitive. The proposed program for UCSC would be unique in that it chooses to focus in three areas: analog electronics, communications; and dynamical systems. Even more unique will be the synergy it is expected to form with existing UCSC programs, and its potential to become a major component of regional collaboration related to environmental research. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: Employment prospects for graduates of the proposed Electrical Engineering program are excellent. Various job surveys show a strong demand for these graduates, and various career advisors project continued strong growth in employment opportunities in the electronics, communications and computer fields. The prospects for students with graduate degrees in electrical engineering are at least as good as for the undergraduate degree recipients. Employment opportunities for Ph.D. graduates in electrical engineering are among the best for Ph.D. recipients. Some find position in academia, but the majority are hired by industry. Status of the Proposal: An implementation plan developed by the Division of Natural Sciences to establish both an Electrical Engineering program and an Applied and Engineering Mathematics program was reviewed by the campus this past year. The implementation plan received strong support from the Campus Academic Planning Council. With forward funding from the Office of the President secured, the first two to three recruitments for Electrical Engineering will proceed in 1996-97, with at least one of those appointments to be made at the senior level. Proposals for the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees are expected to be finalized and submitted for review in 1998-99. PROPOSED M.S. AND PH.D. IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY Description and Reason for Proposing It: Environmental toxicology, as a specialized area of toxicology, has become synonymous with the study of pollution. However, in a broader sense it is the science that seeks to provide a better understanding of the poisons which exist throughout the environment, whether natural or anthropogenic in nature. It deals with the nature, properties, detection, transport and fate, and biological effects of all environmental chemicals which pose a significant hazard to any component of the web of life. The public has become increasingly concerned about the risk posed by both natural and anthropogenic toxicants, particularly in aquatic systems. These concerns can be appropriately addressed by university programs in environmental toxicology. In fact, with the current shortage of toxicologists trained at the graduate level, a major opportunity as well as responsibility has emerged for public universities. The May 1986 Final Report of the Governor's Task Force on Toxics, Waste and Technology recommends the creation of academic programs in toxicology within the UC system. A focus on graduate training, including the doctoral degree, is a recommendation of that report. The Division of Natural Sciences plans to seek approval of both a doctoral and a masters degree graduate program in Environmental Toxicology with a research focus on aquatic toxicology. The objectives of the program are to first educate and train predoctoral graduate students in the broad principles and concepts of environmental toxicology, and secondly to teach students how to identify important research problems, design and evaluate experimental protocols, conduct research in environmental toxicology, and interpret data and assess their significance. The desired result will be to increase the scientific pool of highly trained people who can contribute toward resolving significant problems in environmental toxicology and to advance scientific knowledge in this field. A distinctive feature of the proposed program at Santa Cruz will be the focus of toxic substances in the aquatic environment. This research effort is envisioned as consisting of five strongly interactive groups: (a) Biological Effects, (b) Ecotoxicology, (c) Physical Transport, (d) Environmental Fate, and (e) Public Policy. The accurate detection and measurement of toxicants is central to each of the components of the program. This includes chemical analysis (often at trace levels), development of novel analytical approaches, and development of new biological-biochemical assays. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs: The proposed academic program in Environmental Toxicology is based on the interests of existing faculty and consolidates this strength. Earth Sciences faculty interested in applied geology have expressed a willingness to participate in the proposed program. Eleven faculty within Biology, with diverse research interests, are interested in the program. Biological effects of toxicants is an important aspect of the proposed program and core faculty will have substantial interaction with biologists. Faculty in Chemistry have been involved in discussions of the program development since 1974. Core faculty for the Environmental Toxicology program will have strong environmental and analytical chemistry backgrounds and will support Chemistry's subprogram in environmental and analytical chemistry. Three Ocean Sciences faculty and three adjunct faculty who work in aquatic systems are interested in the program. In addition, faculty in Environmental Studies have expressed interest in collaborative opportunities with the proposed program. This is a program of basic science that has substantial immediate application of research results and it would help bring curricular balance to the Santa Cruz campus. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: Two cornerstones of the campus academic planning effort have been the concept of capitalizing on the opportunities afforded by the local environment, and responding to the State and public need for development of professionals who can address the complex problems with which we are faced today. The Environmental Toxicology graduate program epitomizes the campus' effort in both regards. First, it would be uniquely placed to take advantage of the coastal location of the campus, the planned relocation of several aquatic based federal agencies to Long Marine Lab, and the future development of environmental and aquatic based research projects at the Fort Ord property. Graduates of the proposed programs will help address the State's urgent need to resolve problems stemming from contamination of our bays, streams, and oceans. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facility Requirements: Santa Cruz has developed a number of specialized analytical facilities that are available to support instruction and research in aquatic toxicology. The proposed program will also be supported by the Institute of Marine Sciences through its Aquatic Toxicology Research Group. Over 20 faculty from various disciplines are conducting research of interest to the proposed program and the analytical capabilities in individual research laboratories substantially enhance the equipment and other support available to students admitted to the program. A core of five faculty FTE are proposed. Dr.'s A. Russell Flegal and Ronald Tjeerdema were previously hired through Earth Sciences and Chemistry respectively, both are conducting research in the Environmental Toxicology area. An additional hire in biochemical and physiological toxicology, Dr. Donald Smith, was appointed July 1, 1996 through the Biology Department. A fourth recruitment in the area of molecular / microbiological toxicology has been approved for 1996-97. A fifth recruitment in the area of environmental organic chemistry is planned for 1997-98. With the recent uncertainty regarding the state budget, planning a timetable for the recruitment of additional FTE to support this program has been difficult. However, with the recent hire of Dr. Smith and the successful completion of a fourth recruitment in 1996-97, there will be a critical mass of faculty in place to begin a viable program. The faculty core will be augmented by temporary teaching staff supported from divisional resources. Additional estimated resources needed: Library acquisition - approximately $10,000 to start up and $1,700 per year on an ongoing basis; Teaching laboratory equipment - approximately $100,000 in start up costs, however efforts will be made to obtain donations from industry; Other operating costs - annual administrative personnel and program operating costs are expected to be approximately $68,000. Faculty start up costs: It is estimated that start-up costs in the range of $125,000 to $200,000 will be needed for each of the two proposed FTE. Space: The space needs of the Environmental Toxicology program can be met within the Applied Sciences Building, assuming the Applied Sciences Alterations Project, Phase 1, takes place as proposed in the campus' 1996-2001 MCIP. Planned top enrollment over first six years is estimated at forty students. Anticipated Funding Strategies: The campus is currently engaged in discussions designed to chart the course for sustaining existing programs while launching new ones in the years ahead. In planning meetings with divisional Board Chairs over the past two years Environmental Toxicology has been identified as one of the priority areas for development as resources become available. Anticipating that the division will be able to recruit for additional faculty as outlined in the recent six year plan, it is expected that by 1998 the recruitments for the additional FTE necessary to establish the critical core of five faculty members will have been successfully completed. Graduate students in this program should be well funded given the availability of extramural funds in this research area. Planned Implementation Date: The division continues to be committed to the development of this program. Given the current budgetary stringency, allocation of additional FTE to support the program will be incremental and dependent upon the results of campuswide planning efforts and the distribution of resources that follow. Hence development of this program will continue to be dependent upon new FTE being made available to the Natural Sciences Division over the next few years. Proposed timeline: 1996-97: Recruit for 1 FTE, revise and finalize M.S. and Ph.D. proposal; initiate campus review 1997-98: Recruit for additional FTE; complete campus and systemwide review of M.S. and Ph.D. programs 1998-99: Admit first cohort of graduate students UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: The proposed academic degree program in environmental toxicology, with a research emphasis on aquatic systems, is not duplicated at any university in California. Graduate programs in various other aspects of toxicology occur on four campuses of the University of California: Davis, Irvine, Riverside and San Francisco. The proposed program overlaps minimally with the other toxicology programs, and instead complements these existing programs and strengthens the overall research and instructional effort both within the University of California and the State. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: Students who complete this program will be educated to advance the principles of the field and trained to contribute to the resolution of ongoing scientific and societal problems in environmental toxicology. Graduates of the Santa Cruz program will be distinctive because of the focus on toxic substances in the aquatic environment. Job market data evidences a high demand for applicants trained in toxicology. Although an extensive job placement survey has not been done recently, the prospects for job placements should be excellent. Status of the Proposal: The original proposal was turned down by CCGA, noting that the program required a greater resource commitment (faculty) to ensure success. With three faculty members now in place, and a fourth being recruited in 1996-97, it is anticipated that the original Ph.D. program proposal will be revised and submitted for campus review by spring of 1997. PROPOSED PH.D. IN OCEAN SCIENCES Description and Reason for Proposing It: In the last few years, the number, strength and prominence of marine institutes in the Monterey Bay area has grown, and present indications are that this growth will continue, even in the face of economic recession and possible shrinking of statewide research funding. Ocean Sciences at UCSC is an essential part of this growth, and because it is an academic department in the only major research university in the Monterey Bay region, has an essential role to play in the development of marine research in the region and the state. The objectives of the Ph.D. program in Ocean Sciences are to educate doctoral students in the background and scope of oceanographic concepts and to instill in them the knowledge and insight required to pose and accomplish independent research goals. We propose a program in Ocean Sciences that is designed as a set of pathways, with each of the sub-disciplinary areas of Ocean Sciences closely aligned with the appropriate traditional science discipline. In general the pathways are differentiated from degrees in the traditional discipline by their focus on global scale problems and interactions, a focus on the ocean, and their interdisciplinary approach. The degree awarded for all pathways will be Ocean Sciences, with a parenthetical notation indicating the specialization as appropriate. The proposed pathways are: a. Geological Oceanography (Earth Sciences): Paleoceanography and sediment geochemistry are the focus of this pathway. b. Biological Oceanography (Biology): This area involves the interactions of organisms with their chemical and physical environments. c. Chemical Oceanography (Chemistry): Chemical interactions of trace metals and radionuclides in the sea are the focus of this group. d. Physical Oceanography (Physics): The physics and dynamics of the ocean and atmosphere are the main aspects of this program. The strongest evidence supporting the need for the proposed doctoral program is the past and current Ph.D. student enrollment of marine oriented students. Student demand for the proposed program is evidenced by the fact that such a program effectively exists without formal recognition. Ocean Sciences faculty already advise and train Ph.D. students, and regularly participate on the advisory committees of students in other departments. Based on current applications, a steady or slightly increasing enrollment is projected over the next few years if there is no change in the number of faculty in the Ocean Sciences Department. Ph.D. Programs in Marine Sciences, Ocean Sciences or Oceanography fill needs that are not met by graduate training in the traditional science disciplines. The best students in Ocean Science graduate programs are those who come to the program with a solid training in traditional science and are thus equipped to apply their specialized training to the marine environment, and acquire additional interdisciplinary training in order to become oceanographers. Students trained in the new program will be uniquely prepared for roles in academic, consulting, and policy positions requiring interdisciplinary training in marine sciences. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs and Mission: Development of a doctoral program in Ocean Sciences has been part of the campus plan for many years but has reached new urgency with the designation of the Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary and the growth of world class research institutions in the Monterey Bay area. The Ocean Sciences Department currently manages a Marine Sciences Masters Program which attracts students to the campus for graduate training in marine related fields - in fact, the program is a main structural connection to other Natural Sciences Boards. The new Ph.D. program is designed with Ocean Sciences as the primary board. As such, the Ocean Sciences Board of Study will administer acceptance of graduate students as well as distribution of resources. Currently many students in the program are sponsored by faculty in other Boards, most notably Biology. It is expected that present arrangements will also be retained by which Ocean Sciences faculty will sponsor some students who are accepted through the traditional disciplines. In addition, many other marine scientists in the area presently sponsor or have expressed interest in sponsoring Ph.D. students through the new program. Ocean Sciences presently collaborates with other boards in the teaching of marine oriented graduate and undergraduate courses. The undergraduate courses are listed in the course offerings of other boards as we do not have an undergraduate Ocean Sciences program. Other institutions with whom collaborations currently or potentially exist include the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, the Naval Post Graduate School, Hopkins Marine Station, Moss Landing Marine Laboratory and the United States Geological Survey. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: The Ocean Sciences doctoral program exemplifies UC Santa Cruz's emphasis on the development of interdisciplinary programs that are responsive to the local environment and take advantage of emerging research opportunities. The recent convergence of many marine oriented activities of national import in this area (establishment of the Monterey Bay Marine Sanctuary, acquisition of Fort Ord land for development of environmental and marine based research, and the possible relocation of several federal agencies to UCSC'S Long Marine Lab) signifies the growing importance of the Monterey Bay region as a locus for marine research. This creates an unparalleled opportunity for the campus, and the establishment of this program is critical to the success of the university's role in this emerging consortium. The campus has shown its ongoing commitment to this program through the steady build-up of its faculty, and its diligence in seeking out collaborative and cooperative relationships with other institutions and agencies. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facility Requirements: Resource requirements for the new program in terms of personnel, facilities, space and equipment are already in place. The Ocean Sciences Department currently includes 6 full time faculty, two in the area of paleoceanography/geochemistry, two in biological oceanography, one in physical oceanography and one in chemical oceanography. The existing faculty already teach most of the required courses and there are no gaps which require new hires. New laboratory facilities and expanded space for graduate research is available in the new Earth and Marine Sciences Building. Existing library resources are good both in oceanography and the traditional disciplines. Administrative and technical support is in place for the existing programs. The formalization of the proposed program is relatively resource neutral for the University. The Division of Natural Sciences is committed to the controlled growth of this program. An additional position in physical oceanography was requested and approved with the search to be conducted in 1996-97. The divisional six year plan proposes another FTE to be allocated to the Ocean Sciences Program in 1999-2000. This position will be in the area of remote sensing or global biogeochemical cycling and oceanic ecosystem modeling Planned Implementation Date: The Ocean Sciences Board of Study has recently submitted the completed proposal for the Ph.D. program to Associate Vice Chancellor Walsh with a request to begin the formal review process. With appropriate approvals implementation of the program could begin as early as Fall 1997. The first class will be composed of students already studying with Marine Sciences faculty, but presently enrolled in other boards. Existence of the program could then be advertised in time for acceptance of student applications in January 1998, with the first new Ocean Sciences Ph.D. students arriving in Fall, 1998. This timeline is reasonable because the structures for the new program are already in place and significant new resources are not required for its establishment. UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Within UC only the Scripps Institution of Oceanography offers an interdisciplinary graduate degree program similar to the one proposed here. Our program distinguishes itself from Scripps in that the faculty at Scripps are not in favor of undergraduate teaching. Our faculty carry full teaching loads, and teach undergraduate as well as graduate courses. Ocean Sciences at Santa Cruz is integrated fully into the undergraduate and graduate education, and provides the means to maintain and emphasize contact and interaction with traditional science disciplines at all levels. Marine related research expertise is found on other campuses, including Santa Barbara, Irvine, UCLA, Davis and Berkeley, but they are not collected into oceanography or marine science departments. Undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded at these campuses are disciplinary degrees with a marine focus rather than truly interdisciplinary marine sciences degrees. Ph.D. programs exist in several oceanography departments around the country. Ph.D. degrees in marine sciences are also offered by a number of institutions. However, it is important to note that only four major oceanographic degree granting institutions are located on the west coast. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: Professional opportunities for graduates of the new program can be addressed in part by consideration of placement of past graduates. Many past Ph.D. students of Ocean Sciences faculty are now on the faculty of oceanography and traditional science departments around the country. Graduates of UCSC in the general area of marine or ocean sciences have generally had little trouble in finding appropriate employment. Perhaps the best overall way of viewing the need for professionally trained oceanographers as a whole is to examine employment records for graduates of doctoral programs. A survey of about 500 Ph.D's that graduated between 1992 and 1995, carried out by CORE academic institutions (Consortium for Oceanographic Research and Education), showed 98% of graduates were employed. Of these, 57% were in university positions, 17% were in federal and state agencies, 10% were in the commercial sector, and 10% were foreign students who left the US for employment elsewhere. Opportunities for placement are also evaluated by consulting job advertisements in the field. A sampling of these from recent professional publications has been included in the formal proposal. Status of the Proposal: The Ocean Sciences Ph.D. proposal is complete and has been submitted for review by the administration and the appropriate academic senate committees. PROPOSED B.A. IN BUSINESS/MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS Description and Reason for Proposing It: The Board of Studies in Economics proposes a new major in Business/Management Economics. The purpose of the new major is to provide disciplinary structure and focus, and a recognized credential for the growing number of students who are interested in Business and Management. The new major has several important elements. First, it combines the strong analytic approach of economics with the technical aspects of management. Second, it recognizes that computing has become intrinsic to business and will continue to be an essential skill for those who wish to enter this field. Students in this major will gain knowledge about using computing as a tool of analysis for economic, statistical and financial data. Third, the new major requires that students gain an understanding of the way organizations are seen from the perspective of other social sciences and influenced by the social/political/psychological environment in which they operate. To this end, majors must select one course from another Social Sciences discipline which addresses the role of the organization. Fourth, the new major requires that students complete an Economics field placement to obtain practical experience. These field placements (arranged with the Economics Field Study staff) provide an excellent way to apply academic economics, business and management to issues and problems in the real world. Relationship to Existing Campus Programs: The new major builds on a solid foundation of our current Business Concentration and it will be enhanced by the Board's commitment to involving regular faculty in the Business/Management curriculum. For their core course, majors will be required to take six of the seven required courses in the regular economics major, and a large number of their electives will also be from the regular economics major. In addition, we anticipate complementarities with the Global Economics major through a focus on International Business. The new major is expected to have strong complementarities with the MS program in Applied Economics and Finance. Some of the advanced courses in accounting may be taken by MS students and the undergraduate students may use their courses as a pathway to the MS program. Critical Role of Proposed Program or Unit in Fulfilling Campus Academic Plan: The main role of this program is to respond to increasing market demand of students for an education that will yield marketable skills. This will bring more students to UCSC and increase diversity as it is often those who are first generation college students who are most interested in gaining upward economic mobility. The addition of this program will allow a balance to this campus that is presently missing. Proposed Faculty, Staff and Facility Requirements: We have designed a program that takes advantage of our core competency in economics. The creation of a business/management economics program thus requires few additional resources initially. In order to launch the program, we are only asking for an additional soft money FTE to cover four new courses in accounting and two courses in business economics. We believe that we can handle additional majors in Business/Management Economics by expanding the size of our classes somewhat without the need to add new courses. Computer Science can also handle a modest increase in the demand for their lower division classes. However, we do anticipate a significant increase in the number of students and with that additional faculty may be necessary. Based on recent experience with the Business Concentration, we anticipate sizable student interest in the new major. In 1994-95, 38% of Economics majors (142 students) were declared in the Business Concentration, in 1995-96, the concentration accounted for 32% (122 students) of declared Economics majors. We believe that with the institution of the major, we will attract many more students to the campus. Anticipated Funding Strategies: We are requesting money from the division to support one soft money FTE. Our experience with our M.S. program is that employers of our students are financially supportive of our program. We anticipate some private support of the business/management economics program, but realistically this is off in the future. Planned Implementation Date: Fall 1997. UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Many UC Economics programs have some concentration that falls under the rubric of Business/Management Economics, but only UCSB and UCR have a separate major. UC Santa Barbara had 1632 majors in business economics in Fall 1995 compared to only 25 in regular economics; at UC Riverside there are 94 majors in business economics and 55 in regular economics. Business/Management Economics is a natural combination that has so far not been fully exploited by UCSC. Our program does differ from that of UCSB and UCR in that our program has a cooperative arrangement with other departments, especially computer science and a special role for field study. Job Outlook for Graduates of the Program: While we have not engaged in any study, it is clear that there is a strong demand for graduates with strong analytic backgrounds in economics combined with computer skills and a core competency in accounting and other management technologies. Status of the Proposal: During the 1996-97 academic year, we will be rearranging our course offerings so that more courses are available in the present business-economics concentration. Also, we will be undertaking a more detailed description and assessment of the proposed major within the context of the external review of the economics program. We will start the formal process of initiating a new major early in Fall 1996. Given that most of the program is already in place, a Fall 1997 start date is not unrealistic. Description and reason for proposing it: Throughout, the purpose for proposing this doctoral program has been to prepare researchers, teacher educators, and policy makers, in theory and research relevant to teaching and learning in social context, so that they are able to make significant contributions to education for a culturally, socially and linguistically diverse society. This program will serve intellectual and programmatic leaders in public and private education charged with the task of renewing schools, of responding to the challenges of increasing diversity, and of informing the practices of schooling through the highest standards of inquiry. Graduates of this program will be experts in the theory, research and policy implications of cultural and linguistic diversity that are already in short supply, and will be highly competitive for positions in CSU and UC programs for teacher education, in state and national governmental policy offices, in private foundations and universities and in corporate educational centers. In California especially, but nationally and internationally, the current challenges of diversity find school districts, state and national policy departments, university faculties and teacher education program woefully unprepared for effective initiatives. Our graduates will be on the leading edge of that emerging knowledge, and will readily find employment in a society just now beginning to re-emphasize the importance of education for national survival. Employment projections within UC and CSU indicate growth in the hiring of new faculty through the year 2000. Within CSU it is estimated that between 4,500-5,000 new faculty hires will occur, primarily due to the retirement of existing faculty. It is further estimated that 14% of those new hires will in the field of education. In the UC system, it is anticipated that twice the number of retirements as new hires will take place by the year 2000. At the minimum, 500 or more new retirements will occur each year. Relationship to existing campus programs: The Education Board recognizes the necessity and opportunity that joint collaboration brings. The board believes that UC will move to a position of leadership in the field of education by the development of this program on the Santa Cruz campus. It is anticipated that as the planning process continues, strong alliances will continue to be built with other UCSC boards and divisions. The strongest connection to another Board on campus is with Psychology. Currently, one Education faculty (Tharp) has a joint appointments with Psychology. He sits on graduate committees and share research interests. In addition, two faculty (Gibson and Matute-Bianchi) have joint appointments with Anthropology. In addition, Associate Professor Stoddart is working to build alliances with boards in the Natural Sciences, particularly in Chemistry, Physics and CIS. It is anticipated that graduate students will take courses from these boards as well as other disciplines on campus. Role of proposed program in fulfilling campus academic plan: This program is a part of the long range of academic plan for the Board of Studies in Education and for the Santa Cruz campus. The State of California is not now fully prepared for the influx of students and communities of diverse languages and cultures, and their impact on the public schools. The need for research, program development, and policy initiatives is immediate and imperative. This program will address these needs. The Ph.D. will link the areas of: cognitive and social development, language and literacy development, science and mathematics. Students will come to the program with undergraduate degrees in such fields as psychology, anthropology, sociology, economics, mathematics and the sciences. Proposed faculty, staff and facilities requirements: Education faculty have been successful in securing extra-mural funding and is in full agreement as to its commitment to providing support for doctoral students. This commitment is well documented in the Ph.D. proposal (pgs. 8-14). In the last year education faculty have generated over two million dollars in extra-mural funds and seven GSR slots. Faculty will continue to move in this direction with the goal of providing substantial support for students. Space for new graduate students has been planned for in Kerr Hall and Social Sciences II. With the exception of start-up funds for replacement faculty, no additional expenses are projected for library acquisitions, computing equipment or space requirements. Funding strategies to support new programs: Enrollment projections are based on existing and projected resources and are consistent with the UCSC academic plan to increase the number of graduate programs and graduate students. No new faculty FTE will be requested, however faculty listed to VERIP or retirement will need to be replaced. Planned implementation date: 1996-97 Finalize program proposal; below-the-line faculty recruitment and appointments continue. 1997-98 The formal proposal circulates through the campus review process. 1998-99 Seek systemwide approval of doctoral program; recruit the first class of students for admission in Fall of 1999. 1999-2000 The program will be in operation, with first class of 10 students. There is a definite, and growing interest by prospective students, both on and off campus. The program plans to begin with an enrollment of 10 in the first year. It is anticipated that some students who are currently working with Education faculty and some who are enrolled in the M.A. in Education (track I) would wish to transfer to the Ph.D. Given the current and projected faculty work load, the addition of approximately 10 recruits annually is manageable. The program will build to a nominal census of 35 (and probable average census of 40-50 in a stabilized program). This enrollment considers a small (approximately 5-10%) attrition rate. Faculty work load takes into account continued teaching responsibilities in the Graduate Certificate in Education (proposed M.A. in Education-track II) program and with the undergraduate minor in education and campus general education courses. UC campuses & other California institutions offering similar programs: The program, based on integrating sociocultural theory of teaching and learning, is one of the few degree offerings to link these fields and will be unique in the University of California (UC) system. No other institution in California plans to offer this program. Partially related programs in Education that grant the Ph.D. are offered within UC on the Berkeley, Davis and Santa Barbara campuses and at Stanford University. These programs focus on particular aspects of language and literacy, educational psychology, mathematics and technology. Building strong links to other UC and California State University (CSU) campuses is imperative. In particular, developing joint interests with CSU on the Monterey Bay and San Jose campuses and within UC at the Berkeley and Davis sites will be explored. Status of the Proposal: Proposal will undergo revisions this year in response to questions raised by campus constituencies and advice solicited via external review scheduled for this year. PROPOSED PH.D. IN POLITICS Description and reason for proposing it: To institute an innovative program that will attract national attention through a reconceptualization of politics as a field of study and thus attract students of distinction and ability. Drawing on existing strengths of faculty in Politics and integrating colleagues from other fields such as Women's Studies, Philosophy, and Community Studies which do not presently have graduate programs as well as History of Consciousness, Economics, Sociology, and Environmental Studies, which do, We will teach students to think critically and theoretically about the connection between politics, political science and public life in contemporary and historical terms. The program will be distinctive in its redefinition of the traditional four subfields (Political Theory, American Politics, Comparative Politics, and International Relations) into three areas of concentration: 1) Political and Social Thought, 2) Social Forces and Political Change, and 3) States, Political Institutions and the Global Economy. The program is united by thematic as well as methodological commitments by a strong emphasis on democratic politics and democratization and an equally strong commitment to an integrated theoretically informed approach to issues of political analysis. We will be looking for and have reason to believe we will attract students whose intellectual interests are not defined by conventional subfields and who are looking for a program that both acknowledges what the best work in political science is already doing (ignoring boundaries between subfields) and provide the opportunity for innovative research. Those students would have a B.A. in political studies or allied discipline; have evidence of outstanding achievement and the promise of originality of thought; have a level of linguistic competence appropriate to the unrestricted pursuit of a research topic; and have special interest in combining the "qualitative" aspect of Political Science. The proposed program also emphasizes the undergraduate teaching of politics as a form of civic education. Initiated by a unit that has an historical record of excellence in undergraduate teaching, the graduate program would not only continue and strengthen this tradition at UC Santa Cruz -- it would also produce Ph.D.s whose commitments to excellence in research are paralleled by commitments to educating future citizens in the undergraduate classroom. There is a substantial demand for doctoral Political Science programs, one greater than can be met within the current capacity of the University of California system. Only 25% of applicants who applied to 1993 admissions were accepted. The most recent national survey available shows that graduate and undergraduate enrollments in political science are growing and that between 1984 and 1990 (the latest data available) graduate enrollment grew by some 300. More generally, our program emphasizes the role the study of politics can play as the basis for appraising the quality of public life. Relationship to existing campus programs: While the endeavor is entirely new, it draws on existing programs in a unique way, both intellectually (in its cross disciplinary focus) and institutionally (in its integration of faculty from disciplines without graduate programs as well as those with them). There are no related programs at this time. But the entire program will emphasize joint teaching, some cross-listing of courses, and the building of an inclusive intellectual community. Both academically and administratively, the establishment of a graduate program in Politics is likely to have an important catalytic effect on other campus programs. A number of professional relationships exist between faculty in the Politics Board and Political Science Departments on other campuses. Faculty have current involvement in the Stevenson Program on Global Security, the New California Economy Research Group, the Berkeley-Stanford Program in Slavic and East European Studies, and the Center for German and European Studies at UCB. Critical role of proposed program in fulfilling campus academic plan: The proposal is consistent with offering a high-quality Ph.D. program that utilizes faculty across disciplines. The graduate program in Politics is also designed to converge effectively with the two major research centers in the human sciences at UCSC--The Center for Global Transformations in the Division of Social Sciences and the Center for Cultural Studies in the Division of Humanities. The themes which have occupied Global Transformations are consonant with two emphases in the Graduate Program in Politics, "Social Forces and Political Change" and "States, Political Institutions and the Global Economy." The past and future concerns of the Center for Cultural Studies intersect with elements in all three emphases of the graduate program. Hence we anticipate substantial mutual interest as well as resource sharing between these centers for research and the graduate program. We anticipate, as well, the productive effects of these interdisciplinary research forums on graduate students in Politics. Proposed faculty, staff and facilities requirements: The Graduate Program in Politics, as such, will not call for any near-term faculty recruitments, given the strength brought to our faculty by "below-the-line" colleagues whose FTE is held by Boards other than Politics. Approval of this proposal can thus be independent of the administrative decision to allocate hard FTE to the Politics Board. A minimum .5 additional administrative staff FTE will be required to handle the planning for and added demands of the graduate program. We will need a graduate student office and office space for additional staff, as well as a Board conference room for meetings and exams. According to the library acquisition planning staff, Politics is closer to having a graduate level collection, overall, than is any other social science. This is especially the case for monographs. The presence of the History of Consciousness program along with the Gary Reed Fund has ensured a strong collection in political theory. The Reed Fund has also allowed resources to be used for additional purchases in other areas of political science. The journal collection, though fine for current needs, is potentially weak in some areas, such as political economy and international relations. Overall, the library staff does not believe new resources are a prerequisite to starting a Politics graduate program. Commencing in 1998-99 our plan is to admit about six to eight students each September, but the exact number will depend on both the quality of our applicants and the levels of support available to them. We have no desire to admit a larger cohort for the sake of numbers or act irresponsibly by admitting more students than we can reasonably expect to support for at least a substantial part of their graduate careers. After six years we expect to have an enrollment of approximately 34 students, allowing for attrition. Although the normative time for completion of the degree is six years, some students will inevitably continue in the program longer. We therefore expect to maintain a long-term steady state graduate enrollment of approximately 34 students after eight years. The following table reflects our expected enrollments, year-by-year, using the accretion/attrition estimates supplied by the Graduate Division. The standard formula assumes an attrition rate of 10-15% in each year's cohort. We assume that this reflects anticipated withdrawals in the first two years, and thereafter anticipates leaves of absence, other employment, and completion of the dissertation at varying rates. Cohort Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6 Yr 7 GS1 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 GS2 7 7 7 7 7 7 GS3 6 6 6 6 6 GS4 5 5 5 5 GS5+ 4 4 4 GS6+ 4 4 Total 8 15 21 26 30 34 32 Anticipated funding strategies to support new programs: We anticipate that graduate student support will come from the usual sources: Fellowships; Teaching Assistantships; Research Assistantships; Instructorships; and the student's own funds (including loans). Our Ph.D. proposal data supports our long range plan to reach a steady-state of approximately 34 graduate students over a period of 8 years. In addition to the level of campus support described above, we hope that some of our students will receive extramural fellowship support. Appropriate sources would include NSF, AAUW, Woodrow Wilson, Javits, Fulbright, Ford Foundation, MEXUS, DAAD, UC President's Minority Fellowships and a variety of other targeted fellowship funds. We would also expect that at least one of our students each year who would qualify for the 13 diversity enhancement and five Cota-Robles fellowships that exist on this campus. Planned implementation date: 1996-97 Formal Campus review and 1997-98 Off campus OP review/approval 1998-99 Admit first cohort of graduate students UC Campuses and Other California Institutions Offering Similar Programs: Each of the other general campuses of UC offers a Ph.D. in Political Science. Irvine also offers a Ph.D. in Social Ecology and San Diego an M.A. in International Relations and Pacific Studies. UCB, UCLA, and UCSD offer very large general programs; those at UCSB, UCR, UCI, and UCD are smaller. All provide concentrations in each of the four major fields of political science; some offer other fields as well. Although each provides coursework in some of the areas covered by our proposal, none does so with as integrative an emphasis as we propose. The UCSC program will most definitely serve a complimentary rather than a competitive function within the UC system. Job outlooks for graduates of the program: According to the most recent report from the American Political Science Association on the placement of Ph.D.s within the profession ("Placement Report: New Political Scientists on the Job Market in 1994," PS: Political Science and Politics, June 1995, pp. 260-263), despite the much publicized problems of finding academic employment during these years of retrenchment, the placement rate of political science job candidates has stayed nearly equal to past years. In 1994, 69% of all candidates found employment (the average for the preceding decade, 1982-1992, was 70%). Those candidates with Ph.D. in hand (59% of the placement class) "were as successful as any placement class in the last decade, with 82% finding positions." There was steady growth in the absolute number of both full-time and part-time positions in political science throughout the latter half of the 1980's. The overall size of the professoriate increased from 9,748 in the 1984-85 academic year to 11,875 in AY 1989-1990, and full-time faculty grew from 8,135 to 9,260 in that same time period. The number of new positions grew from 111 created in AY 1984-85 to 231 in AY 1989-90 ("The Political Science Professoriate: A Report on the Profession," PS: Political Science and Politics, March 1991, pp. 82-3). An even larger area of potential and actual growth in the professorship is being opened up by the attrition within the UC system and throughout the nation due to widespread retirements. While we cannot predict when, or indeed if, the current period of retrenchment in higher education will end both in California and the nation, the data on faculty retirements and continued pressure toward increasing undergraduate enrollments augur an incipient need for more Ph.D.s. Given that the first generation of students from a UCSC Politics Ph.D. program would not be on the market until four or five years after admissions began, our program might be timed nicely to meet the coming demands. Whatever may be true concerning these general trends, we believe that we have struck a balance between carving out a distinctive niche in the profession and anticipating trends already present in it, while remaining recognizable to our colleagues. Since our program does not replicate those on other UC campuses, we think that our graduates will have an advantage in certain job situations because of the distinctiveness of their graduate education. Status of the proposal: The proposal was forwarded March 1, 1996 to Social Sciences Dean Martin Chemers and is currently undergoing campus review. |
